Study finds childhood diet has lifelong impact研究发现儿童饮食对终身有影响 by University of California - Riverside加州大学河滨分校 Study in mice finds high-fat, high-sugar diet has long-lasting effects on the microbiome. Credit: UCR对小鼠的研究发现，高脂，高糖饮食对微生物组具有持久的影响。信用：UCR Eating too much fat and sugar as a child can alter your microbiome for life, even if you later learn to eat healthier, a new study in mice suggests.一项新的对老鼠的研究表明，即使小时候吃太多的脂肪和糖，也会改变你的微生物组的生活，即使你以后学会饮食更健康。 The study by UC Riverside researchers is one of the first to show a significant decrease in the total number and diversity of gut bacteria in mature mice fed an unhealthy diet as juveniles.加州大学河滨分校的研究人员是第一批表明以不健康饮食作为未成年人喂养的成熟小鼠肠道细菌总数和多样性显着减少的研究之一。 "We studied mice, but the effect we observed is equivalent to kids having a Western diet, high in fat and sugar and their gut microbiome still being affected up to six years after puberty," explained UCR evolutionary physiologist Theodore Garland.UCR的进化生理学家西奥多·加兰德（Theodore Garland）解释说：“我们研究了小鼠，但是观察到的效果相当于孩子们吃了西方饮食，脂肪和糖分很高，而且肠道微生物组在青春期后的六年内仍然受到影响。” A paper describing the study has recently been published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.最近在《实验生物学杂志》上发表了一篇描述该研究的论文。 The microbiome refers to all the bacteria as well as fungi, parasites, and viruses that live on and inside a human or animal. Most of these microorganisms are found in the intestines, and most of them are helpful, stimulating the immune system, breaking down food and helping synthesize key vitamins.微生物组是指在人类或动物体内和内部生活的所有细菌以及真菌，寄生虫和病毒。这些微生物大多数都在肠道中发现，它们中的大多数对刺激免疫系统，分解食物并帮助合成关键的维生素很有帮助。 In a healthy body, there is a balance of pathogenic and beneficial organisms. However, if the balance is disturbed, either through the use of antibiotics, illness, or unhealthy diet, the body could become susceptible to disease.在健康的身体中，病原体和有益生物之间存在平衡。但是，如果通过使用抗生素，疾病或不健康的饮食来破坏平衡，则身体可能容易患病。 In this study, Garland's team looked for impacts on the microbiome after dividing their mice into four groups: half fed the standard, 'healthy' diet, half fed the less healthy 'Western' diet, half with access to a running wheel for exercise, and half without.在这项研究中，Garland的研究小组将小鼠分为四组，研究了对微生物组的影响：一半进食标准的“健康”饮食，一半进食较不健康的“西方”饮食，一半进食运动的跑轮，还有一半没有。 After three weeks spent on these diets, all mice were returned to a standard diet and no exercise, which is normally how mice are kept in a laboratory. At the 14-week mark, the team examined the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the animals.在这些饮食中度过了三周之后，所有小鼠都恢复了标准饮食并且不进行运动，这通常是将小鼠饲养在实验室中的方式。在第14周的时候，研究小组检查了动物中细菌的多样性和丰富性。 They found that the quantity of bacteria such as Muribaculum intestinale was significantly reduced in the Western diet group. This type of bacteria is involved in carbohydrate metabolism.他们发现，在西方饮食组中，诸如肠杆菌的细菌数量显着减少。这种细菌参与碳水化合物的代谢。 Analysis also showed that the gut bacteria are sensitive to the amount of exercise the mice got. Muribaculum bacteria increased in mice fed a standard diet who had access to a running wheel and decreased in mice on a high-fat diet whether they had exercise or not.分析还表明，肠道细菌对小鼠的运动量敏感。喂养进食了可以运行滚轮的标准饮食的小鼠中的鼠毛细菌增加，而无论是否运动，高脂饮食的小鼠中的鼠毛菌减少。 Researchers believe this species of bacteria, and the family of bacteria that it belongs to, might influence the amount of energy available to its host. Research continues into other functions that this type of bacteria may have.研究人员认为，这种细菌及其所属的细菌家族可能会影响宿主的可用能量。对这种细菌可能具有的其他功能的研究仍在继续。 One other effect of note was the increase in a highly similar bacteria species that were enriched after five weeks of treadmill training in a study by other researchers, suggesting that exercise alone may increase its presence.另一个值得注意的影响是，在其他研究人员的一项研究中，经过五周的跑步机训练后，高度相似的细菌物种增加了，这表明单独运动可能会增加其存在。 Overall, the UCR researchers found that early-life Western diet had more long-lasting effects on the microbiome than did early-life exercise.总体而言，UCR研究人员发现，早期西方饮食对微生物组的影响远比早期运动更为持久。 Garland's team would like to repeat this experiment and take samples at additional points in time, to better understand when the changes in mouse microbiomes first appear, and whether they extend into even later phases of life.Garland的团队想重复此实验，并在其他时间点进行采样，以更好地了解小鼠微生物群的变化何时首次出现，以及它们是否延伸到生命的后期。 Regardless of when the effects first appear, however, the researchers say it's significant that they were observed so long after changing the diet, and then changing it back.研究人员说，无论何时开始出现这种影响，很重要的一点是，在改变饮食然后再改变饮食之后，很长时间才观察到它们。 The takeaway, Garland said, is essentially, "You are not only what you eat, but what you ate as a child!"加兰德说，外卖实质上是：“您不仅是所吃的东西，而且还是您小时候吃的东西！”点击： 查看更多生物学文章 查看其他分类文章 查看更多双语译文文章 使用双语译文翻译免责声明：福昕翻译只充当翻译功能，此文内容及相关信息仅为传递更多信息之目的，仅代表作者个人观点，与本网站无关，版权归原始网站所有。仅供读者参考，并请自行核实相关内容。若需要浏览原文、下载参考文献等，请自行搜索文中提到的原文网站进行阅读。来源于：phys
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